I. Mahimmancin Ci Gaban Sabuwar Fararren Kirki na Zamani

Lemun tsami shi ne babban kuma babban kayan taimako don samar da karfe, samar da sinadarin carbide, samar da tsayayyiya, samar da alumina. Musamman a cikin sabon zamani, sabon fasaha, sabbin kayayyaki suna ci gaba da haɓaka kayan alli ana amfani da su sosai. Kwarewa ya tabbatar da cewa fasahar kera lemun tsami ta hakika gaskiya ce kuma gajeriyar hanya ce mai fa'ida ga masana'antar ƙarfe da ƙarfe, masana'antar carbide carbide, kamfanonin coking da dai sauransu. A halin yanzu, ribar da aka samu na tan daya na lemun tsami ya zarce ribar tan, na baƙin ƙarfe, tan na baƙin ƙarfe, tan na alli carbide, tan na coke. Kamfanonin da suka yi amfani da fasahar kera lemun tsami ta zamani sun sami fa'ida sosai, kuma sun sami fa'idodi mafi girma na zamantakewar jama'a. Koyaya, yawancin kamfanoni an kayyade su ta hanyar lura da gargajiya da matakin gudanarwa kuma basu haɓaka fasahar kera lemun tsami ta zamani ba har yanzu suna dogaro da samar da lemun tsami mai ƙera ƙasa. Sabili da haka, idan muna so mu kula da ƙazantar ƙazantar da ƙurar ƙasa, dole ne kuma mu dogara da aiwatar da ƙwaryar lemun tsami ta zamani don magance matsalar buƙatu.

Abinda ake kira sabon fasaha na zamani wanda ake kira lemun tsami shine mafi tsarin samarda lemun tsami na kimiyya tare da kare muhalli, aikin ceton makamashi, aikin injiniya da kuma sarrafa kansa. Saboda wannan tsari yana ɗaukar fasahar zamani mai amfani da zafi, zai iya yin cikakken amfani da kuzari, musamman iskar gas da ke gurɓata mahalli a matsayin tushen makamashi da mayar da sharar gida zuwa taska. Wannan ba kawai yana kare muhalli ba, har ma yana samar da inganci mai kyau da lemun tsami mai tsada. Fa'idodi kai tsaye da kai tsaye, fa'idojin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a suna da matukar yawa. Wannan shine mahimmancin fadada sabuwar fasahar kera lemun tsami.

2. Nau'ikan fasahar kiliya ta zamani

Akwai gauraye masu gauraye ta hanyar mai, ma'ana, mai mai mai ƙarfi, coke, hoda foda, kwal da iskar gas. Tukunyar gas ta hada da iskar gas mai zafi, gas din coke, iskar gas din iskar gas, iskar gas, iskar gas da sauransu. Dangane da siffar murhun, akwai murtsun wuta, murhun mai juyawa, murhun hannayen riga, Vimast kiln (Yammacin Jamus), Meln kiln (Switzerland), Fucas kiln (Italia) da sauransu. A lokaci guda, akwai wuta mai aiki mai ƙarfi da kiln mai aiki mara kyau. Mixedwanan zamani da ake hadawa da mitakyub dubu 800 a kowace rana yana fitowa ƙasa da 500 da kuma wutar gas ta zamani mai mita cubic 250, musamman tanadin makamashi da kare muhalli da lemun tsami da ƙonewa da iskar gas mai ƙonewa, an haɓaka kuma an tsara su. Zane da kuma ƙera “lemun tsam mai ɗorewa mai ƙone wuta” ya warware matsalar ƙonewar ƙimar ƙimar mai yawa da gajeren harshen wuta na gas na coke, wanda zai iya yin cikakken amfani da sauran gas din coke ɗin da ya rage. Daga asalin iskar gas na coke “hasken wuta”, gurɓata mahalli zuwa ƙimar tamani ga kamfanoni don ƙirƙirar fa'idodi. Ga kanana da matsakaitan siran karfe da karfe, kamfanonin coking, alli carbide Enterprises, da masana'antun tsayayyu suna da matukar kyau wajen ceton makamashi, kiyaye muhalli, inganci da hanyoyi masu inganci.

3.KA'IDUN GASKIYA DA HANYAR FASAHA

Babban sinadarin limestone shine calcium carbonate, yayin da babban lemun tsami shine calcium oxide. Babban ka'idar kona lemun tsami shine narkar da sinadarin carbonate a cikin farar ƙasa zuwa cikin sauri na kalshiyum da iskar carbon dioxide tare da taimakon zazzabi mai zafi. Tsarin daukar matakan shi ne

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Abinda yake aiwatarwa shine cewa an fara amfani da farar ƙasa da mai a cikin murhunan lemun tsami (idan an ciyar da bututun mai da gas da mai ƙonewa) kuma a rage su a digiri 850, a sanya su a digiri 1200, sannan a sanyaya sannan a sauke daga murhun. Cikakken tsarinsa na lissafi yayi daidai da aiwatarwa a cikin akwati da aka rufe. Siffofin kiln daban-daban suna da preheating daban, calcination, sanyaya da kuma hanyoyin sauke ash. Koyaya, wasu ka'idodin tsari iri ɗaya ne: yanayin ƙirar calcination shine digiri 850-1200, preheating zazzabi 100—-850 digiri. Zafin zafin yana ƙasa da digiri 100. Ingancin abu mai kyau yana da kyau, ingancin lemun tsami yana da kyau; darajar calorific mai tana da yawa, yawan amfani kadan ne; girman ƙwayar ƙwayar farar ƙasa daidai yake da lokacin ƙira; digiri na sauri mai sauri yana dacewa daidai da lokacin ƙira da yanayin zafin jiki na calcination.